Laetrile is derived from apricot seeds, does have some cyanide in them, but so does apple seeds and peach seeds. One, drink 8 glasses of ozoneated water a day along with baking soda to raise his pH close to 8. Antitumor activity ofamygdalinMF (NSC-15780) as a single agent and with beta-glucosidase (NSC-128056) on a spectrum of transplantable rodent tumors [Abstract]. I sprinkle 12 apricot seeds on my cereal for breakfast and another 12 on my salad at lunch. Apricot seeds and pits (also known as pip or kernel) are NOT safe for dogs to eat, but they are safe for humans to eat. If you are unsure whether or not your dog can eat apricot stones, it is best to err on the side of caution and avoid giving them to your pet. Apple seeds also have the same thing, but apricot seeds are much higher in B-17. Every working hour she would drink veggie and/or fruit juice, and green tea, along with blending apricot seeds and apple seeds in the juice. Antioxidants protect your dog from oxidative damage. A swallowed apricot seed is called by the Arabic name: a "bezoar". I apologize for the delay, this venue is not set up for urgent emails. It works. If you would like to keep them for a longer time buy them still in their shell and crack them open yourself as you use them. Apricot seeds contains a toxic chemical known as amygdalin, which is also referred to as Laetrile. Researchers note that the seeds of bitter apricots have a particularly high level of amygdalin at 5.5 grams (g) in every 100 g. Laetrile, also called B-17, is a partly synthetic form of amygdalin. There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on the dog in question. I would appreciate knowing how to acquire kernels from your source in Australia, thanks. It is found in around 1200 edible plants in the nature. The veterinarian may ask questions that pertain to the onset of symptoms, the amount of apricot eaten, the time frame of when they were ingested, and any other questions that will help the veterinarian with the diagnosis. I know that apricot seeds contain cyanide but it's in such a low concentration that you're very unlikely to experience a toxic effect unless a large quantity is ingested. Treatment The treatment of cyanide poisoning requires intravenous hydration, oxygen, and administering an antidote to reverse the toxic effects of cyanide. A video with G. Edward Griffin explaining Vitamin B-17 (Laetrile/Amygdalin), https://www.bitchute.com/video/pSEmZbBAEK4h/, Hi, this is amazing. They tasted like almonds. Billed as a new "superfood," some people believe that apricot kernels have cancer-fighting and detox-enhancing. cyanide is present in small amounts in the seeds. Even half a kernel would be over the limit for children. It's surprising that there is so much controversy about apricot seeds. Apricot Seeds - 100% natural and it slows and may stop the spread of cancer while providing B17 for the system. On the contrary, according to the book, Healing Foods by DK Publishing, The seed inside the stone of apricot is edible. Can apricot kernels fatty acids delay the atrophied hepatocytes from progression to fibrosis in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver injury in rats? I came on here looking for b17 info, and how many seeds/nuts to eat per day - can you help? Within one week a notable difference is seen. Acute health risks related to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides in raw apricot kernels and products derived from raw apricot kernels. Apricot stones (kernels are inside) An apricot kernel is the apricot seed located within the fruit endocarp, which forms a hard shell around the seed called the pyrena (stone or pit). If your small dog is vomiting and showing signs of intestinal disease, It would be best to have your pet seen by a veterinarian, as they can examine them, see what might be going on, and get any testing or treatment taken care of that might be needed. (1995, February 1). Most folks have no idea what an apricot kernel looks like because they are actually hidden inside the pit. If you look up anything on apricot seeds you will find articles telling you these seeds possess a deadly poison-cyanide. Whether apricot seeds cure cancer or not is debatableApricot Seeds Theory 1: They Cure Cancer. Some dogs may be able to eat apricot stones without any problems, while others may experience digestive issues or even poisoning. B-17 as it is now referred to, is a compound that when metabolized inside of mamalian cells, breaks down into hydrogen cyanide. In Egypt, people mix coriander seeds and salt with ground apricot kernel to make a traditional snack, known as dokka.. As few as 10 apricot pit can be fatal to dogs. The Border Collie Is One of the Worlds Best Dog Breeds Border Collies are one of the most popular dog breeds on the planet, and for good reason. (2006, December). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Best Online Pet CareSupport Platform 2020, Copyright 2021 2709358 Ontario Inc. Operating as healthcareforpets.com. Because the kernels or seeds of apricots contain traces of cyanide, the oil they produce is made from them. Apricots are rich in many nutrients and vitamins and they provide good nourishment. He had stage 4 cancer. Just for my reference. You need to use your hands to split the apricot in half since you can't cut through the pit in the center with a knife. B-17 works as a CO-ENZYME. Make it a great week! Some people with cancer might take laetrile in the hope that it will: The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) do not approve B-17, or laetrile, for use in the U.S. #doghealthcoa, So beautiful #doghealthcoach #mustlovedogs #l, For surviving the week! So unless you cut the dried apricot into very small pieces, it is best to avoid them. Years ago I had a terrier who began developing welts, boils, cist, I am not sure what they were. See Full List. Know the Truth! The bag of bitter apricot seed I bought at the health store states, "Take not more than 5 seeds per day, only 2 seeds at one time.". It seems Jason Vale at only 51 years of age has died, from Cancer! However, they can safely eat apricots with no problems. Within 4 to 6 weeks all the lesions were gone and never came back. Always refer to a doctor before taking a decision.". Can dogs eat apricot seeds? Plants containing cyanides have this defense in order to prevent animals from eating them; it acts as a natural defense. Apricot seeds are safe for dogs, but they should be fed to them in small amounts at a time. Sometimes the dog may have to be placed on a breathing machine for several days until the cyanide has been eliminated from the body. In 2018, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) pointed out that laetrile leads to cyanide production in the body and that the American Institute of Nutrition Vitamins have not approved it as a vitamin. Worried about the cost of Apricot Poisoning treatment? Apricot Seeds Nutrition Facts. Debra Rose Wilson, PhD, MSN, RN, IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. I always chew mine up really well and hold under the tongue for a minute or two before swallowing. Thank you. (2013, July 18). Acute health risks related to consumption of raw apricot kernels and products thereof. Apricots, in addition to supporting joint health and overall health, contain a number of nutrients. Once the physician is aware of the history, the clinical signs, and the finding of hydrocyanic acid in any specimens taken including from the stomach, liver, blood, and the muscles and tissues of your dog it is important to act very quickly to treat your pet. They smelled like "death" and he licked toe ones he could reach. It's incredible how efficient our creator designed this planet and it's inhabitants to function dependently on one another. While the seed itself is not toxic, it can cause an obstruction in your dogs digestive system. All Rights Reserved. No reliable evidence confirms laetrile as an effective treatment for cancer, and there is evidence that it is toxic and potentially fatal. For instance, I weigh 160 pounds so I take 16 kernels per day. BUT there are some fruits that a dog should not be given under any circumstances. When in doubt always contact your vet. The medical community claims, with what little scientific evaluation has been done, there is no benefit. 3 grams (3,000 mg) of vitamin B17 per day in tablet form for 3 months. (2015, January 30), Laetrile/Amygdalin (PDQ®)Health orofessional version. NDTV Convergence, All Rights Reserved. This can cause symptoms including nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, liver damage, bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen, extremely low blood pressure, fever, damaged nerves, mental confusion and in some extreme conditions, it can cause death. Doing it this way would of course decrease the amount of kernels needed daily. So don't use those as a substitute for the bitter apricot seeds. As you consume the apricot kernel, this enzyme is converted into cyanide which is poisonous and can lead to some serious harm. Apricots are related to Prunus, which include plums, peaches, and nectarines. For now, however, doctors and other healthcare professionals cannot recommend the use of apricot kernels. There are a great many cultivars of apricots being grown and each of these varieties produce different quantities of amygdalin, from sweet, like almonds, all the way up to extremely bitter comparable to bitter almonds. The physician may have given your dog an effective antidote for the poisoning; sodium thiosulfate and sodium nitrate can be successful if given in time. There is currently no research to support the claim that apricot seeds can fight cancer. The veterinarian may induce Fe3 into the hemoglobin, give and intravenous injection of nitrates, and give your dog inhaled amyl nitrates to be a decoy chemical receptor for the cyanide. The general rule is 1 apricot kernel per 10 pounds of body weight. Stage IV Colon Cancer Disappears Using Apricot Kernels (Youtube Interview) Investigative Reporter Greg Ciola interviews Rev. 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Apricot is one of many fruits from the Prunus genera, which include the cherry, chokecherry, peach, and almond. The same day we put her on 15 crushed apricot seeds in applesauce, along with 3 tsp of ACV in organic pomegranate juice. The compound I first found out about in the early 1970s was called laetrile or commonly known as amydalin. Gupta, A., Abrol, G. S., & Joshi, V. K. (2012, July 5). The amount that it takes to become dangerous is different for each person. When I was a little girl growing up on my grandparent's farm, we couldn't wait until the apricots were ripe so we could eat the nuts (seeds?) Apricot kernel: Physical and chemical properties. EFSA Panel. She listens. Trocarization is a test in which a sterile instrument is used to withdraw any fluid from the cavity of a body, in this case the stomach, to test for cyanide poisoning. Now, cancer cells have no metabolic way to deal with this compound and thusly, it is selectively toxic to cancer. He had a major stroke at 16.The research I have done all tells me the pits are poisonous. Many people think that fatty acids have antioxidant properties. Apricot kernels are safe to eat in processed products, like almond biscuits. Most often cancer patients die not to the incursions of the cancer cells so much as the effect of hCG on the digestive enzymes in the blood stream and eventually in the pancreas so that these enzymes being deactivated vastly impact both immunity and nutrition. Options include crushing, grinding, grating, soaking, fermenting, or drying. Disclaimer: healthcareforpets.com and its team of veterinarians and clinicians do not endorse any products, services, or recommended advice. It might have been brought on by my buying 3 lots of Apricot kernels who the sellers all stated was bitter, when in fact I doubt they were. Some pet parents feel that dogs should not be given any fruit, and then there are others who feel that a little bit of fruit is good for the dogs health. Its a lot healthier than dog biscuits with too many sugar and fat in them. In 2012, a laboratory study found that enhancing amygdalin with -D-glucosidase may make it useful in treating liver cancer. X. I have heard of people taking capsule form (expensive to buy). What I do know for certain about laetril is this: 1)It can become toxic at higher doses, but its effectiveness is also dose dependant. Konstantatos A, Shiv Kumar M, Burrell A, et al.An unusual presentation of chronic cyanide toxicity from self-prescribed apricot kernel extract. Keep them in refrigerator to prolong their vitality. Cyanides are specific chemicals that are in the group known as the cyano group. Firstly, cancer could possibly be a vitamin B17 deficiency. Here are six dangers of stone fruits for dogs. Dried apricots can generally be fed to dogs as long as they have not been left out of the recipe and have been properly processed. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Found in Apricot Seeds May Support Mental Health. So what is it?? Amydalin is found in apple seed and apricot seeds. There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on a number of factors, including the size and health of the dog. However, it is generally agreed that ingesting a large quantity of apricot seeds can be fatal to dogs. Bob was 70 years old and told by doctors at VA he had stage 4 colon cancer. If your dog ingests cyanide, symptoms can begin as early as 15 minutes afterwards or may not begin for a few hours. Ronda, what a good report. Apricot Seeds Theory 2: Consuming Them Can Kill You! Last medically reviewed on July 20, 2018, The 39th U.S. President Jimmy Carter received treatment for melanoma with brain metastases. They really work, got rid of my bladder cancer.. In a rodent study published in 2011, rats with liver fibrosis received a dose of 1.5 milligrams (mg) three times a week for 4 weeks of ground apricot kernels. In 2006, Cancer Treatment Watch posted an article, originally published in 1977, describing the use of laetrile as quackeryand criticizing promoters of the supplement for preying on the fears of people with cancer to maintain a lucrative international business. I believe, along with the juice fast, the b-17 in the seeds cured her cancer. Rise and shine! Cancer can become resistant to laetril, so I look at b-17 as an adjunct to other chemo/alternative therapies. Even small amounts of apricot are safe for your pet to consume, but you should be aware that they are high in vitamins. December). Dogs can identify other dogs by sight only if they are nearby. (2015, March 20), Committee on toxicity of chemicals in food, consumer products and the environment. I have been taking poke berries for 40 plus years and have gotten a lot of others taking them also, without adverse effects, because we are taking the whole berries with the built in failsafes. Processed foods, such as amaretto biscuits, almond finger biscuits, and apricot jams, contain apricot kernels. Characteristic of cyanide poisoning are blood-red mucus membranes. A: You will need to determine the best amount for yourself. Because a large breed of apricot can only eat a portion of the fruit after it has been removed, the pit should be removed. Your veterinarian will give you specific instructions on how to care for your pet at home after any medical procedures or treatment have been completed. #dreamer #doghealthcoach #mustlov, Always do small things with great love! Apricots can be fed to dogs, but they are not safe to give to their owners if they have pit or seed. Consumption should be varied accordingly. This amounts to 'tenderizing meats' or supplying something akin to mother's milk. I go through 1 bag, stop for 1 week then buy another bag. Also, it hasn't been scientifically proven by AFSP, European Food Safety Authority or any other trusted food safety authority who qualifies apricot seeds as curers for cancer. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Pull the apricot apart using your hands. I live in zone 6. Apricot oil is safe to eat for dogs. Skin cancer reacts the quickest. In my surgery (TURBT - cystoscopy) last week, there is no recurrence of the cancer. However, it is generally believed that it would take a large number of apricot seeds to kill a dog. Etc. You should consider giving your dog apricot treats if you are aware of the potential risk of cyanide poisoning. 1. Akyildiz, B. N., Kurtoğlu, S., Kondolot, M., Tun, A. Some sources suggest that people take laetrile to: There is currently no scientific evidence to support the use of laetrile for these purposes or to treat cancer. In general, dried apricots are safe but they are often too chewy for the dog. For example: For bone cancer, it takes a little longer for the laetrile to absorb deep into the body. Dogs tend to gulp down food, and dried apricots may cause stomach upset or even blockage. Griffin and you will have all the answers you need on this topic. These are also non-GMO kernels as well. Dogs eat an average of 10% fruit per day, with the majority of them permitted to eat up to 80% of it under supervision. Ask Pet Guru is a free website designed to assist you with making an informed decision regarding your dog. There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on a number of factors, including the size and health of the dog. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) note that apricot seeds may have substantial amounts of chemicals which are metabolized to cyanide.. Apricots are very popular because of their unusual coloring and scarcity. To prevent cancer eat 14 apricot seeds every other day, or six-seven a day. The treatment of cyanide poisoning requires intravenous hydration, oxygen, and administering an antidote to reverse the toxic effects of cyanide. Zhou, C., Qian, L., Ma, H., Yu, X., Zhang, Y., Qu, W., Xia, W. (2012, September 1). Vitamin B17 is best known for its immune defense properties. A dogs daily allowance for apricots should be no more than half a lemon. A one-month "starter package" that contains a pound of bitter apricot seeds, supplements like coral calcium tea bags, and a DVD of the film "World Without Cancer" about laetrile, goes for $199. Im sorry to hear that this is happening. The NCI add that the FDA has not approved laetrile as a treatment for cancer or any other medical condition.. If you weigh 70 kg you take 14 seeds 3 times a day - total of 42 seeds. When I started eating them I was about 4 years old. Dogs arecarnivores,and as such there is no need to feed them fruits or vegetables as part of their regular diet. Apricot seeds for dogs are highly toxic, especially if youre not sure of the quantity eaten. It's bitter tasting but kills cancer. The single biggest promoter of cesium chloride, which had great response in trials, also recommends b-17 as additional adjunct to the same cesium chloride therapy. Apricot seeds contain high levels of amygdalin (vitamin B17) as well as significant levels of vitamin E, pangamic acid (vitamin B15), as well as small amounts of fat and no cholesterol. Apricot kernel oil is not poisonous to dogs, but if you want to give them anything made from it, it is not appropriate. Along with its anticancer properties, the author claims, apricot seedshelpremove toxins and strengthens the body's defenses against disease. We took him to 3 different vets and they all told us there was nothing they could do for him. In fact even the detoxified or transulferased form: thiocyanate can act as an accelerator and reactivator though not to the same degree as free HCN. Some manufacturers use apricot kernels in the production of cosmetics, medicine, and oil. Acute health risks related to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides in raw apricot kernels and products derived from raw apricot kernels. An apricot kernel is a single seed found inside the stone of an apricot. Clover, sorghum, and lima beans also contain amygdalin. How Many Apricot Seeds Will Kill A Dog. Apricot poisoning in dogs occurs when dogs ingest the seed for seeds of the apricot. If only a small amount was ingested, the recovery is good but if the dog is in shock and the treatment is delayed, then death rates can be high. Fruit is a popular treat among many dogs and we frequently provide it to them as a reward. (The Risks! Severe cyanide poisoning from an alternative medicine treatment with amygdalin and apricot kernels in a 4-year-old child. (n.d.), B17 and apricot seeds common questions. Do you blend and add to fruit smoothies or food? He would crack them open and eat the insides. One should understand that the apricot fruit itself is safe but the seed and the pits should never be given to any dog. The seeds must be raw and bitter. Dried apricots contain considerable amounts of potassium, a nutrient that is often in short supply in many pet food products, and beta carotene. The two in combination have the potential to be very effective indeed. Compare top pet insurance plans. Together with the related synthetic . Following the first three weeks, one should take approx. Short answer, yes. Apricot poisoning in dogs occurs when dogs ingest the seed of an apricot. What to know about primary peritoneal cancer, Proteins: Between 14.1 and 45.3 percent, of which 32 to 34 percent are essential amino acids, improve their health and sense of wellbeing. From the Experts: Are Apricot Seeds Really Dangerous? Can diet help improve depression symptoms? By this description, B-17, has many characteristics of some chemotherapy agents, which are selectively toxic. - Felicia. Apricot kernels are high in antioxidants that protect cells from free radical damage, and studies have shown that apricot seeds have anti-inflammatory properties. The Apricot Power brand kernels I take are very bitter. 1 seed in the afternoon. Apricot seeds contain a chemical called laetrile or amygdalin, which is highly toxic. Which apricot seeds do you eat? Most websites that support laetrile as a cancer treatment base their claims on anecdotal evidence and unsupported opinions. Her last CA125 test was taken 9 days ago and her count was at "10", well below the established number of 35. . I thank you, Tony, for your most informed and welcomed post. Vitamin E: Fact sheet for health professionals. Your feedback is very welcome, so please use the comments sections if you feel like theres something missing. I also suspect that several of the later hypertensive medications came from our lowly poke weed. The Carolina Dog is both intelligent and stubborn, despite its high intelligence. It has been proposed as an alternative treatment for cancer. If Your Dog Ate An Apricot Seed Heres What You Should Do, If Your Dog Eats An Earwig Heres What You Should Do, A Female Dogs Ovaries And Uterus Are Removed Through An Incision In Her Abdomen After She Is Spayed, 3 Things To Keep In Mind When Using A Heating Pad In A Dog House, The Cliff House: A Historic Restaurant With A Stunning View, How To Turn A Storage Shed Into A Dog House, To Sweater Or Not To Sweater: That Is The Question, How To Reduce The Amount Of Dog Hair In Your House, How To Stop Your Dog From Piddling In The House, Dogs Who Poop On Floating Houses: An Interesting Phenomenon. Prostabel - this supplement promotes and protects healthy cells; which is important during chemotherapy. Cyanide poisoning associated with ingestion of apricot seeds is an important poison in children, many of whom require intensive care.. Apricot kernels can indeed kill cancer cells but it cannot be any kind you will need the bitter and not the sweet variety. I read somewhere you should not grind them up. The EFSA advise that no one should consume more than 20 micrograms (mcg) of cyanide per kilogram of body weight at one time. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have warned that a single serving of three small apricot kernels or one large apricot kernel could put adults over the suggested safe levels of cyanide exposure, while one small kernel could be toxic to an infant. In addition, one nutrient known for cancer prevention is vitamin B17, which is abundant in apricot seeds. Cyanide poisoning can occur at much lower levels, however. Can poor sleep impact your weight loss goals? And get the latest pet health tips, news, articles and alerts delivered monthly to your inbox. It can be served on its own, or it can be mixed with other treats. Apricot kernels do not contain a significant amount of vitamins and minerals, but the oil is rich in vitamin E. According to the National Institutes of Health, vitamin E has antioxidant properties. Best of luck 2 u. I have purchased Bitter Apricot Kernels on Amazon and from Good Karma. Possible uses include biodiesel production, skin, and hair-care products. Apricot seeds would be a supplement and therefore are unlikely to cause harm, but may not be of value. Targais, K,. If you wish to give your dog apricots, remove the seed and pit. People who follow these dose recommendations are likely to be exposed to cyanide levels that cause cyanide poisoning. 2- Pick apricot flesh off the pits and discard or consume 3- Place them on a paper towel and leave them there for a couple of hours. integrated care as a treatment plan for dogs. A clinical trial of amygdalin (laetrile) in the treatment of human cancer [Abstract]. Apricot kernels or seeds are used to make the oil, and there is trace amounts of cyanide in them. The seeds also consist of Amygdalin or vitamin B17 which is found in . They just add a little crunch to my food and I don't even taste the bitterness. The physician will detoxify by using thiocyanate or rhodanese through intravenous fluids. I dream Jason Vale had passed away. However, this assumes your pet extracts all the amygdalin from the seeds. Where do you purchase your Apricot Seeds now? Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. It took about 2 months, but her cancer cells started dying after about 3 weeks or a month. They suggested this may be due to antioxidant activity, as the kernels contain oleic acid and other polyphenols. Im Dolev, a passionate dog trainer and expert. Assuming complete digestion, it will take the seeds of at least 200 apples to kill an average Labrador Retriever. As a result, some poodles born in a darker shade of apricot may be able to grow into apricot-colored puppies by the age of two. Cured my stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, liver, and breast cancer. Do not be alarmed if you vomit, become lethargic, have dilated pupils, or experience breathing difficulties. While dogs may consume these plants in quantities that are dangerous to them, edible fruits may be acceptable for them. 1 cup distilled water (warm over flame not microwave), 2 tsp organic blackstrap molasses (or) 1 tsp lemon juice, https://www.bitchute.com/video/TZksOYC0yNbT/, Read world without cancer g.e griffin gods speed in your recovery. Bedlington dogs were created as a working mans pet in the mining shire of Bedlington in the United Kingdoms Northumberland region. I have stage 1. The "ONLY" thing she is using is Apricot Seeds or Kernels. If your cat eats fruits on a regular basis, it is critical to keep an eye out for any symptoms, especially if the food contains something that should not be consumed by your cat. I am my own doctor and all should have that control. If the manufacturers can remove the harmful elements can be removed, certain chemicals inside apricot kernels may one day prove useful for cancer treatment. These are found in certain plants. Our cells can metabolize hydrogen cyanide but only up to a certain point. The patient dies of pneumonia for example or 'cachexia' or starvation. It is believed that apricot seeds kill cancer cells because they contain a component called laetrile, which is an apparent killer of cancer cells and is not toxic when consumed. Treatment must begin immediately; it is important to stop the bonding of cyanide-cytochrome c oxidase and to reestablish the mitochondrial electron transport chain through the membranes. Start with one apricot seed an hour and see how you do. Prepare for the unexpected by getting a quote from top pet insurance providers. 2015 May;165(9-10):185-8. Choose another snack that doesnt turn into a deadly poison after you eat it. Abdel-Rahman, M. K. (2011, July 7). Read a World Without Cancer By G.E. Many vendors are quite happy for you to believe you're purchasing a quality, local product, or they'll market their Indian or Pakistani kernels as "Hunza" or "Hunza region" in an attempt to give them credit. Anecdotal reports and case reports have not shown laetrile to be an effective treatment for cancer.. Apricots have a high vitamin C content, which aids in the development of your dogs immune system. Exposure can lead to long-term effects on the heart, brain, and nervous system. Apricots are high in antioxidants, which can help to prevent free radical damage on a cellular level, and they may be useful as immune boosters.
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